SURVEY DESIGN

Survey Research Designed Types of Survey Research by Muhammad Yousuf Ali

Research Designed Survey research is considered most popular and famous methods to conduct research from specific population.

What is Survey Research Designed?

Survey Research Designed Survey research designs are procedures in quantitative research in which investigators administer a survey to a sample or to the entire population of people to describe the attitudes, opinions, behaviors, or characteristics of the population. In this procedure, survey researchers collect quantitative, numbered data using questionnaires (e.g., mailed questionnaires) or interviews (e.g., one-on-one interviews) and statistically analyze the data to describe trends about responses to questions and to test research questions or hypotheses.

What are the Types of Survey Research?

There are two main Types of Survey Research Design

a. Cross sectional Survey Research Designs

b. Longitudinal Survey Designs

a. Cross sectional Survey Research Designs

Cross-Sectional Survey Designs The most popular form of survey design used in education is a cross-sectional survey design. In a cross-sectional survey design, the researcher collects data at one point in time.

Example when middle school children complete a survey about teasing, they are recording data about their present views. This design has the advantage of measuring current attitudes or practices.

 A cross-sectional study can examine current attitudes, beliefs, opinions, or practices. Attitudes, beliefs, and opinions are ways in which individuals think about issues, whereas practices are their actual behaviors (Morrison, Jacobs, & Swinyard, 1999).

Cross-sectional designs has also divided into two types.

1. A. Groups Comparison

Cross-sectional study is conducted to know about the groups trends, male & female, students of different academic filed i.e. social science, business management and law

2. A. National Assessment

Cross-sectional study is also conducted to know about the national assessment.

Cross-sectional study results shows Attitude and Practice, community needs and program evaluation.

b. Longitudinal Survey Designs

An alternative to using a cross-sectional design is to collect data over time using a longitudinal survey design. A longitudinal survey design involves the survey procedure of collecting data about trends with the same population, changes in a cohort group or sub-population, or changes in a panel group of the same individuals over time.

1. Trend Studies

Trend Studies In some surveys, researchers aim to study changes within some general population over a period of time (Babbie, 1998). This form of longitudinal research is called a trend study. Trend studies are longitudinal survey designs that involve identifying a population and examining changes within that population over time.

2. Cohort Studies

A cohort study is a longitudinal survey design in which a researcher identifies a sub-population based on some specific characteristic and then studies that subpopulation over time. All members of the cohort must have the common characteristic, such as being 18 years old in the year 2001.

Example a cohort group of 18-year-olds is studied in the year 2011. Five years later (in 2016), a group of 23-year-olds is studied. (They may or may not be the same individuals studied in 2011.) Five years after that (in 2021), a group of 28-year-olds is studied. While the individuals studied each time might be different, they must have been 18 years old in the year 2001 to qualify as representatives of the cohort group.

3. Panel Studies

Panel Studies A third type of longitudinal survey design is the panel study design. Distinct from both the trend and the cohort study, a panel study is a longitudinal survey design in which the researcher examines the same people over time.

Example, The high school seniors studied in 2010 will be the same people studied in 2012, 2 year after graduation, and again in 2014, years after graduation. One disadvantage of a panel design is that individuals may be difficult to locate, especially 2 years after graduating from high school.

Cite this Article :

M.Y. Ali (03 Jan2021). Survey Research Design and it Types. profileusuf.wordpress.com. https://profileusuf.wordpress.com/survey-design-2/

References :

Babbie, E. (1998). The practice of social research (8th ed.). Belmont, CA:
Wadsworth.

Creswell, John W. 2008. Educational Research: Planning, Conducting, and Evaluating Quantitativeand Qualitative Research. 3rd ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson

Morrison, T. G., Jacobs, J. S., & Swinyard, W. R. (1999). Do teachers who read personally use recommended literacy practices in their classrooms? Reading Research and Instruction, 38, 81–100.