Web 3.0

Web 3.0: Standardization, Applications and challenges

by Muhammad Yousuf Ali

The term “Web3” was coined by Polkadot founder and Ethereum co-founder Gavin Wood in 2014, referring to a “decentralized online ecosystem based on blockchain.” This blog berif discuss following points about web 3.0

Q No. 1 What is Web 3.0?
Q No. 2 What are the Standardization of Web 3.0?
Q No. 3 What are the Application of Web 3.0?
Q No. 4 What are the challenges of Web 3.0?

Q No. 1 What is a Web 3.0?

The Semantic Web, sometimes known as Web 3.0 (not to be confused with Web3), is an extension of the World Wide Web through standards (Semantic web, 2023) set by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). The goal of the Semantic Web is to make Internet data machine-readable.

Q No. 2 What are the Standardization of Web 3.0?

Standardization of Web 3.0

These technologies are specified as W3C standards are:
1. Resource Description Framework (RDF), a general method for describing information
2. RDF Schema (RDFS)
3. Simple Knowledge Organization System (SKOS)
4. SPARQL, an RDF query language
5. Notation3 (N3), designed with human readability in mind
6. N-Triples, a format for storing and transmitting data

7. Turtle (Terse RDF Triple Language)
8. Web Ontology Language (OWL), a family of knowledge representation languages
9. Rule Interchange Format (RIF), a framework of web rule language dialects supporting rule interchange on the Web
10. JavaScript Object Notation for Linked Data (JSON-LD), a JSON-based method to describe data
11. ActivityPub, a generic way for client and server to communicate with each other. This is used by the popular decentralized social network Mastodon.

Q No. 3 What are the Application of Web 3.0 ?

Automated Agent
•  Automated agents to perform tasks for users of the semantic web using this data Semantic translation

Web-based Services
•  Web-based services (often with agents of their own) to supply information specifically to agents, for example, a Trust service that an agent could ask if some online store has a history of poor service or spamming.  

Ontologies
Common metadata vocabularies (ontologies) and maps between vocabularies that allow document creators to know how to mark up their documents so that agents can use the information in the supplied metadata (so that Author in the sense of ‘the Author of the page’ will not be confused with Author in the sense of a book that is the subject of a book review).

Data System with RDF

•  Servers that expose existing data systems using the RDF and SPARQL standards. Many converters to RDF exist from different applications. Relational databases are an important source. The semantic web server attaches to the existing system without affecting its operation.

Q No. 4 What are the challenges of Web 3.0?

There are some challenges of Web 3.0
1. Vastness,
2. Vagueness,
3. Uncertainty,
4. Inconsistency, and
5. Deceit.

1. Vastness

The World Wide Web contains many billions of pages. The SNOMED CT medical terminology ontology alone contains 370,000 class names, and existing technology has not yet been able to eliminate all semantically duplicated terms. Any automated reasoning system will have to deal with truly huge inputs.

2. Vagueness:

 These are imprecise concepts like “young” or “tall”. This arises from the vagueness of user queries, of concepts represented by content providers, of matching query terms to provider terms and of trying to combine different knowledge bases with overlapping but subtly different concepts. Fuzzy logic is the most common technique for dealing with vagueness.

3. Uncertainty:

These are precise concepts with uncertain values. For example, a patient might present a set of symptoms that correspond to a number of different distinct diagnoses each with a different probability. Probabilistic reasoning techniques are generally employed to address uncertainty.

4. Inconsistency

These are logical contradictions that will inevitably arise during the development of large ontologies, and when ontologies from separate sources are combined. Deductive reasoning fails catastrophically when faced with inconsistency, because “anything follows from a contradiction”. Defeasible reasoning and para-consistent reasoning are two techniques that can be employed to deal with inconsistency.

5. Deceit:
This is when the producer of the information is intentionally misleading the consumer of the information. Cryptography techniques are currently utilized to alleviate this threat. By providing a means to determine the information’s integrity, including that which relates to the identity of the entity that produced or published the information, however credibility issues still have to be addressed in cases of potential deceit.

How to Cite this Article:

M.Y. Ali (2023). Web 3.0: Standardization, Applications and challenges. https://profileusuf.wordpress.com/web-3-0/

References

Semantic Web at W3C: https://www.w3.org/standards/semanticweb/