Type of Hypothesis

Hypothesis and Its Type by Muhammad Yousuf Ali

Hypothesis

Hypothesis is a formal statement that presents the expected relationship between an independent and dependent variable. (Creswell, 1994)

In simple words, A hypothesis is a formal tentative statement of the expected relationship between two or more variables under study.

Types of Hypothesis

There are 10 different types of hypothesis

1. Simple Hypothesis

2. Complex Hypothesis

3. Empirical Hypothesis

4. Null Hypothesis

5. Alternative Hypothesis

6. Statistical Hypothesis

7. Logical Hypothesis

8. Directional Hypothesis

9. Non Directional Hypothesis

10. Associative and Causal Hypothesis

1. SIMPLE HYPOTHESIS  

Simple hypothesis is that one in which there exits relationship between two variables one is called independent variable or cause and the other is dependent variable or effect.

Example

1. Smoking leads to cancer

2.The higher ratio of unemployment leads to crimes.

2. COMPLEX HYPOTHESIS

Complex hypothesis is that one in which as relationship among variables exists. • In this type dependent and independent variables are more than two

Example

1. Smoking and other drugs leads to cancer, Hypertension and infections etc.

2. The higher ratio of unemployment poverty illiteracy leads to street crime, robbery and snatching.

3. EMPIRICAL HYPOTHESIS

Empirical which means it is based on evidence. • In scientific method the word “empirical” refers to the use of working hypothesis that can be tested using observation and experiment. • Empirical data is produced by experiment and observation.

Example: Velvet clothes are better for the winter than cotton clothes

4. NULL HYPOTHESIS

Null the hypothesis that there is no significant difference between specified populations, any observed difference being due to sampling or experimental error.

It is denoted by H0.

Example

There is no statistically significant relationship between the type of water I feed the flowers and growth of the flowers.

5. ALTERNATE HYPOTHESIS

The alternative hypothesis, denoted by H1 or Ha,

 Is the hypothesis that sample observations are influenced by some non-random cause. Alternative Hypothesis have further four types which I will explain later on.

There is a relationship between the amount of the bill at a restaurant and the tip that was left is the difference at family restaurants then it is at fine dining restaurants.

6. STATISTICAL HYPOTHESIS  

A hypothesis which can be verified statistically called statistical hypothesis. • The statement would be logical or illogical but if statistic verifies it, it will be statistical hypothesis.

it is simply impossible to observe the entire population to understand its properties. The only alternative is to collect a random sample and then use statistics to analyze it.

7. Logical Hypothesis

Logical Hypothesis can verify logically is known as logical hypothesis.  The process of verification involves:

  • Agreement
  • Disagreement
  • Difference of opinion.

Example

Hypothesis statement: An animal cannot survive without water.

Logical verification: This is true because all living beings need water.

8. DIRECTIONAL HYPOTHESIS

Directional Hypothesis predicts the direction of the relationship between the independent and dependent variable. •

Example

High quality of nursing education will lead to high quality of nursing practice skills.

Girls ability of learning moral science is better than boys.

9. NON DIRECTIONAL HYPOTHESIS

Non -directional Hypothesis predicts the relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable but does not specific the directional of the relationship.

Example

teacher student relationship influence student’s learning. • There is no significant difference between 9th class boys and girls abilities of learning moral values.

10. ASSOCIATIVE and CASUAL HYPOTHESIS

Associative hypotheses states that there is a relationship between two variables. It looks at how specific events co-occur.

Causal hypotheses state that any difference in the type or amount of one particular variable is going to directly affect the difference in the type or amount of the next variable in the equation. It looks at how manipulation affects events in the future.

How to Cite this article

M.Y., Ali (05 Jul 2021). Hypothesis and its Types. https://profileusuf.wordpress.com/type-of-hypothesis/

References:-

Mourougan, S., & Sethuraman, K. (2017). Hypothesis development and testing. IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 19(5), 34-40.