What is Impact of Fake News & How to control the Fake News? (Part III)

Muhammad Yousuf Ali (Part III)

The term “fake news” was first used in the 1890s when sensational reports in newspapers were common. Now does term fake news are very common in media industry like TV channels and etc. As well as in internet and social media platform. ( Wardle, 2017).

Q No. 1 What are impact of impact of Fake News?

Q No. 2 How to Control the Fake News?

Q No. 1  What are the Impact of Fake News?

Fake News have great impact/effect on the individual, general public and society.

1. Cognitive biases of recipient

The vast proliferation of online information, such as in blogs and tweets, has inundated the online marketplace. Because of the resulting information overload, humans cannot process all these information units (called memes), so we let our confirmation bias and other cognitive biases decide which ones to pay attention to, thus enhancing the spread of fake news.

2. Nudges as reflection prompts

Evidence suggests that people tend to react hastily and share fake news without thinking carefully about what they have read or heard, and without checking or verifying the information.

3. Mental immune health, inoculation and prebunking

Overlooked is the power of confirmation bias, motivated reasoning and other cognitive biases that can seriously distort the many facets of mental ‘immunity’ (public resilience to fake news), particularly in dysfunctional societies. (Norman, 2021).

4. Fifth Generation War

Fake is considered for the fifth generation war which is used for the enemy as war tools. To de-stabilized the enemy.

Q No. 2 How to Control the Fake News?

There are three ways through this we can fight from the Fake News, or control fake news.

1. Media Literacy

Media literacy is an expanded conceptualization of literacy that includes the ability to access and analyze media messages as well as create, reflect and take action, using the power of information and communication to make a difference in the world (Hobbs, 2010).

2. News Literacy

News literacy is a part of media literacy and includes having the critical thinking skills for evaluating (or judging/analyzing) the reliability and credibility of news sources AND new forms of information (that are often mistaken for journalism).

News literacy can help us recognize the difference between fact and rumor, news and advertising, news and opinion, and bias and fairness.

3. Fact Check Website

Fact-checking websites, including Snopes.com and FactCheck.org, have posted guides to spotting and avoiding fake news websites.

It is the duty of Media house, Website information creator, journalist and information produced to aware the general public students and information user about the Fake News.

How to Cite this article

M.Y. Ali (2023). What is Impact of Fake News & How to control the Fake News?

References

1. Hobbs, R (2010). Digital and Media Literacy: A Plan of Action (PDF). Aspen Institute.

2. Norman, A. (2021), Mental immunity: Infectious ideas, mind-parasites, and the search for a better way to think, HarperCollins, ISBN 9780063138896
3.  Wardle, Claire (February 16, 2017). “Fake news. It’s complicated”. firstdraftnews.org. Retrieved Dec 22, 2022

Fake News Purpose: Sources where Fake News created and disseminated

by Muhammad Yousuf Ali

In the age of social media and different challenges of sharing the information on internet. It is very easy to share the fake new/information to audience. This article provide you a brief introduction what is fake news what are the different purpose of the fake news and source and platform where the Fake News created and disseminated.

Q No. 1 What is Fake News?

Q No. 2 What are the purpose of Fake news?

Q No. 3  Which sources fake news are created?

Q 1. What is a Fake News?

The term does not have a fixed definition, the most suitable definition

“Fake news is false or misleading information presented as news. Fake news has also been called junk news false news, hoax news alternative facts and pseudo-news.”

Q No. 2  What are the purpose of Fake news ?

There are following purpose or motive of Fake News

Reputation

Fake news often has the aim of damaging the reputation of a person, family, Organization or group of companies.

Making Money

 Another purpose of fake news making money through advertising revenue

Audience Retention

Another purpose of the Fake news to audience retention for fame helpful to increase the viewership.

Political Polarization

Fake news also spread for the political point scoring and some time it is also use for the political polarization.

Q No. 3 Which sources fake news are created?

There are different sources where fake news are created and spread.  However, social media and Fake Websites.

1. Social Media

In different medium of social media fake news are created.

a. Facebook

Facebook feeds/posts and troll are very common medium were fakenews created and spread through share and

b. Twitter

Twitter is an other social media where fake news created through tweet and spread through re-tweet.

c. Whats’ App

What’s App message is also main source to spread the fake news through sharing and forwarded with friends.

d. Instagram

 Instagram is also medium where tempered video and movies are share and forward.

2. Fake Websites

Fake websites are also source of the fake news where fake and un-verified information posted.

How to Cite This article

M.Y Ali (2023). Fake News Purpose: Sources where Fake News created and disseminated. https://profileusuf.wordpress.com/?p=1697

Fake News : Types of Fake News and How to recognized Fake News

by Muahmmad Yousuf Ali

Invention of Web 2.0 tools social media blogs and website and other social media forum empower the users and to write every thing on internet. Sharing the information and News are every common on the social media, blogs and website. Which empower to social media users to know the information and fact with high speedy. But taking the advantages of this few internet users share the fake news and information on the social media in this article I will cover the 3 points about the Fake News.

Q No. 1 What is Fake News?

Q No. 2  What are the types of Fake News?

Q No. 3 How to recognized the Fake News ?

Q 1. What is a Fake News?

The term does not have a fixed definition, the most suitable definition

“Fake news is false or misleading information presented as news. Fake news has also been called junk news false news, hoax news alternative facts and pseudo-news.”

Q No. 2  What are the types of Fake News?

AS information experts

Mis-information (misinformation): false information disseminated without harmful intent.

Dis-information (disinformation): false information created and shared by people with harmful intent.

Mal-information (malinformation): the sharing of “genuine” information with the intent to cause harm.

Types of Fake New

Satire or parody:-  (“no intention to cause harm but has potential to fool”)

False connection:– (“when headlines, visuals or captions don’t support the content”)

Misleading content:- (“misleading use of information to frame an issue or an individual”)

False context :- (“when genuine content is shared with false contextual information”)

Impostor content :- (“when genuine sources are impersonated” with false, made-up sources)

Manipulated content :- (“when genuine information or imagery is manipulated to deceive”, as with a “doctored” photo)

Fabricated content (“new content is 100% false, designed to deceive and do harm”)

How to Recongized the fake News ?

The International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA) published a summary in diagram form (pictured at right) to assist people in recognizing fake news. Its main points are:

1. Consider the source (to understand its mission and purpose)
2. Read beyond the headline (to understand the whole story)
3. Check the authors (to see if they are real and credible)
4. Assess the supporting sources (to ensure they support the claims)
5. Check the date of publication (to see if the story is relevant and up to date)
6. Ask if it is a joke (to determine if it is meant to be satire)
7. Review your own biases (to see if they are affecting your judgment)
8. Ask experts (to get confirmation from independent people with knowledge).

References

1.  Wardle, Claire (February 16, 2017). “Fake news. It’s complicated”. firstdraftnews.org. Retrieved April 22, 2017.
2. Downey, Beth. “Research Guides: Evaluating False News and Misinformation: Types of False News”. guides.library.msstate.edu. Retrieved November 15, 2020.
3. “How to spot fake news”. IFLA blogs. January 27, 2017. Retrieved February 16, 2017.

How to cite this article:-

M.Y. Ali (2022). Fake News : Types of Fake News and How to recongnized Fake News. https://profileusuf.wordpress.com/2022/11/24/fake-news-types-of-fake-news-and-how-to-recognized-fake-news/