Fake News : Types of Fake News and How to recognized Fake News

by Muahmmad Yousuf Ali

Invention of Web 2.0 tools social media blogs and website and other social media forum empower the users and to write every thing on internet. Sharing the information and News are every common on the social media, blogs and website. Which empower to social media users to know the information and fact with high speedy. But taking the advantages of this few internet users share the fake news and information on the social media in this article I will cover the 3 points about the Fake News.

Q No. 1 What is Fake News?

Q No. 2  What are the types of Fake News?

Q No. 3 How to recognized the Fake News ?

Q 1. What is a Fake News?

The term does not have a fixed definition, the most suitable definition

“Fake news is false or misleading information presented as news. Fake news has also been called junk news false news, hoax news alternative facts and pseudo-news.”

Q No. 2  What are the types of Fake News?

AS information experts

Mis-information (misinformation): false information disseminated without harmful intent.

Dis-information (disinformation): false information created and shared by people with harmful intent.

Mal-information (malinformation): the sharing of “genuine” information with the intent to cause harm.

Types of Fake New

Satire or parody:-  (“no intention to cause harm but has potential to fool”)

False connection:– (“when headlines, visuals or captions don’t support the content”)

Misleading content:- (“misleading use of information to frame an issue or an individual”)

False context :- (“when genuine content is shared with false contextual information”)

Impostor content :- (“when genuine sources are impersonated” with false, made-up sources)

Manipulated content :- (“when genuine information or imagery is manipulated to deceive”, as with a “doctored” photo)

Fabricated content (“new content is 100% false, designed to deceive and do harm”)

How to Recongized the fake News ?

The International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA) published a summary in diagram form (pictured at right) to assist people in recognizing fake news. Its main points are:

1. Consider the source (to understand its mission and purpose)
2. Read beyond the headline (to understand the whole story)
3. Check the authors (to see if they are real and credible)
4. Assess the supporting sources (to ensure they support the claims)
5. Check the date of publication (to see if the story is relevant and up to date)
6. Ask if it is a joke (to determine if it is meant to be satire)
7. Review your own biases (to see if they are affecting your judgment)
8. Ask experts (to get confirmation from independent people with knowledge).

References

1.  Wardle, Claire (February 16, 2017). “Fake news. It’s complicated”. firstdraftnews.org. Retrieved April 22, 2017.
2. Downey, Beth. “Research Guides: Evaluating False News and Misinformation: Types of False News”. guides.library.msstate.edu. Retrieved November 15, 2020.
3. “How to spot fake news”. IFLA blogs. January 27, 2017. Retrieved February 16, 2017.

How to cite this article:-

M.Y. Ali (2022). Fake News : Types of Fake News and How to recongnized Fake News. https://profileusuf.wordpress.com/2022/11/24/fake-news-types-of-fake-news-and-how-to-recognized-fake-news/

Special Library : Special Library Types, Characteristics, Services & Organisation by Muhammad Yousuf Ali

This short article about the Special Library. In this short article provide brief answer of the following questions. Special Library is special about its user and collection because special library has special information

1. What is a Special Library?

2. What are the different types of Special Libraries?

3. What are the characteristics of Special Library?

4. What are the services of a Special Library?

5. What are the Important Organization of Special Library?

1. What is a Special Library?

“A special library is a library that provides specialized information resources on a particular subject, serves a specialized and limited library patron, and delivers specialized services to that library patron. Special libraries also exist within academic institutions. These libraries are included as special libraries because they are often funded separately from the rest of the university and they serve a targeted group of users”

2. What are the different types of Special?

Special libraries include Medical Library, law libraries, Military, corporate libraries, government libraries, museum libraries, Media/news libraries, Physics Library, Museum Library and Banking Library and others. Here I discuss two important types of special library Medical and Law Library.

1. Medical Library

Medical libraries are the one of most advance format of special library its known as Hospital Library or Health Library. Because Medical library have a special users like Medical Students, Physician, Medical Researchers, Medical Faculty member it also support to the para medical staff as well Nurses, Medical technician and others

2. Law Library

Law libraries are designed to assist law students, attorneys, judges and their law clerks, and other individuals conducting legal research including members of the general public. Most law libraries are attached to law schools, private law firms, or government courts for the use of the respective institution’s clientele, though some university libraries also maintain a dedicated legal section.

I will describe the each library in details Medical Library, Law library, Media Library and Military Library in separate article.

3. What are the characteristics of Special Library?

There are four characteristics of Special Library

Echelman (1976) identified four characteristics of special libraries :

(i) Parent organization fully support and fulfill the finance need of the special library.

(ii) Assigned the mission of acquiring, organizing and providing access to information and knowledge so as to further the goals of its parent enterprise or organization (where the parent organization may not have direct library objectives).

(iii) Assembling a physical collection of information, knowledge, and/or opinion limited to a single subject or group of subjects and acquire it different format i.e., Journals, conference paper and etc.

(iv) librarian/information professionals are a specialist in the subject(s) covered or format(s) included as per the library domain Medical, Law and etc.

4. What are the services provided of a Special Library?

There are following 11-core service provided by the Special Library

Academic library provide following services to its users

1. Selective Dissemination of Information (SDI) services to its library users.

2. Current Awareness Services (CAS) respective update about the current subject domain.  

3. Literature search services either online or within library collection.

4. Document Delivery Services supply of the article and other online document to library user

5. Long Range Reference services to its users

6. Information Literacy Sessions about the information resources and library services

7. Library Instruction And provide instructions about the library usage as well as orientation of the library resources.

8. Research support services

(Citation Management Style APA, Vancoure, MLA, Chicago and etc. Software’s Endnote, Menedely, Zatero,

9. Support in Scholarly Communication

Journal Indexing databases, Impact Factor, find suitable journal for the researchers and scholars and scientist.

10. Indexing and Abstracting Services

11. Translation Services

Many more and any other services which is required by the library client or library users.

5. What are the Important Organization of Special Library?

1. SLA : Special library association

SLA oldest organization and established in 1909. Headquarters are situated at Virginia USA. https://www.sla.org/

If you are interested know more information about Special Library Association

2. ALA : American Library Association

American Library Association have a separate page the training and of special library association you visit the following link where special librarian get the useful information for their respective special library.

https://www.ala.org/educationcareers/libcareers/type/special

3. IFLA: International Federation of Library Association

IFLA is also supporting the various type of special library it has section of Music Library, Law library and law and parliamentary library and medical and health librarianship.

Please visit the IFLA Website to get the information about the special library segment.

Reference

Echelman, S.(1976). Towards the new special library. Library Journal, 101(1), 91-94.

Shumaker, David. “Special Libraries.” Encyclopedia of Library and Information Sciences, 3rd ed., 4966–74. New York: Taylor and Francis, 2011. Shumaker, David. “Special Libraries.” Encyclopedia of Library and Information Sciences, 3rd ed., 4966–74. New York: Taylor and Francis, 2011.

How to Cite this Article

Ali, MY ( 30 Jul 2021). Special Library : Special Library Types, Characteristics, Services & Organisation by Muhammad Yousuf Ali https://profileusuf.wordpress.com/2021/07/30/special-library-special-library-types-characteristics-services-organisation-by-muhammad-yousuf-ali/

IFLA Reference and Information Services Session #125.

This is Awesome movement to present the paper in Reference and Information Services Session # 125, IFLA #WLIC2019. “New Avenue of Reference & Information Services when most of the content is Open Access”, debating for with co-presenter V Lara Jennifer.
To represent my Country Pakistan , my Workplace Aga Khan University, and academic institution IUB.

This uphill task is not possible with my Research supervisor Prof. Dr. Prof-Rubina Bhatti, behind the screen co-supervisor Dr-Salman Bin Naeem and my mentor Joanna Richardson their constant support, guidance and encouragement.
#WLICWOW
#IFLA
#IFLA2019
#Athens
#Library
#Presentation slides are share soon