Quick Responses QR Code: Usage and Applications

This small piece of writing about the QR Code introduction: Usage and Applications of QR Code. QR is one of the advance format of Bar code but it is different from Bar code. QR Code is a machine-readable code consisting of an array of black and white squares, typically used for storing URLs or other information for reading by the camera on a smartphone.

Q 1 What is QR Code?

QR Code/QR code i.e. Quick Response, Matrix bar code. It is salso known as 2d codes, 2d barcodes, or mobile codes. The QR code typically appears as a small white square with black geometric shapes, though colored QR codes are also now being used. The information hold by QR codes is a QR code can be a URL, a phone number, an SMS message, a V-card or any text. Quick Resposnse are referred as QR because they allow the contents to be decoded at high speed. QR code has huge potiental and its application in the field of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Mobile Technology, Ware House, Banking sector and online banking Transcation, Library and Information science to access the online material and e-content.

Q 2 What are the main usage of QR Code?

Augmented reality

Displaying multimedia contents

Mobile operating systems

Virtual stores

QR code payment

Website login

Joining a Wi‑Fi network

Electronic authentication

1. Augmented reality

QR codes are used in some augmented reality systems to determine the positions of objects in 3-dimensional space.

2. Displaying multimedia contents

Multimedia QR codes are also used to direct users to specific multimedia contents (such as video, audio, images, documents, etc.).

3. Mobile operating systems

QR codes can be used on various mobile device operating systems. iPhones running on iOS 11 and higher (Hein, 2017) and some Android devices can natively scan QR codes without downloading an external app.The camera app is able to scan and display the kind of QR code (only on iPhone) along with the link (both on Android and iPhone). These devices support URL redirection, which allows QR codes to send metadata to existing applications on the device. Many paid or free apps are available with the ability to scan the codes and hard-link to an external URL.

4. Virtual stores

QR codes have been used to establish “virtual stores”, where a gallery of product information and QR codes is presented to the customer, e.g. on a train station wall (Chen, 2019). Walmart, Procter & Gamble and Woolworths have already adopted the Virtual Store concept (QR Store, 2016).

5. QR code payment

QR codes can be used to store bank account information or credit card information, or they can be specifically designed to work with particular payment provider applications. There are several trial applications of QR code payments across the world (Lacoma, 2018).

QR codes are also used to generate time-based one-time passwords (TOTP) for electronic authentication.

6. Website login

QR codes can be used to log into websites: a QR code is shown on the login page on a computer screen, and when a registered user scans it with a verified smartphone, they will automatically be logged in. Authentication is performed by the smartphone which contacts the server. Google tested such a login method in January 2012.

7. Joining a Wi‑Fi network

By specifying the SSID, encryption type, password/passphrase, and if the SSID is hidden or not, mobile device users can quickly scan and join networks without having to manually enter the data.

8. Electronic authentication

Access to various bibliographic material full-text resource are access through QR code. E-content information and login QR Codes are used very effectively.  

How to cite this article

M.Y. Ali (28 Mar 2022). QR Code: Usage and Applications

References

1.  Hung, Shih-Hsuan; Yao, Chih-Yuan; Fang, Yu-Jen; Tan, Ping; Lee, Ruen-Rone; Sheffer, Alla; Chu, Hung-Kuo (1 September 2020). “Micrography QR Codes”. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics. 26 (9): 2834–2847. doi:10.1109/TVCG.2019.2896895. ISSN1077-2626. PMID30716038. S2CID73433883.
2. Chen, Rongjun; Yu, Yongxing; Xu, Xiansheng; Wang, Leijun; Zhao, Huimin; Tan, Hong-Zhou (11 December 2019). “Adaptive Binarization of QR Code Images for Fast Automatic Sorting in Warehouse Systems”. Sensors. 19 (24): 5466. doi:10.3390/s19245466. PMC6960674. PMID31835866.
3.  Hein, Buster (21 September 2017). “How to scan QR codes with iOS 11’s Camera app”. Cult of Mac. Retrieved 16 Mar 2022.
4. Lacoma, Tyler (3 October 2018). “How to Scan a QR Code”. Digital Trends. Archived from the original on 22 April 2019. Retrieved 17 Mar 2022.
5. “Tesco QR Code Virtual Store”. 14 April 2012.  Retrieved 22 Mar 2022.

Quick Response QR Code Definition, Types and advantages

This short article provide a brief introduction about the Quick Response (QR Code) definition, background of QR code, different types QR code and advantages of the QR code.

Q 1 What is QR Code?

Q 2 When did QR Code invent?

Q 3 What are the types of QR code?

Q 4 What are the main advantages of QR code?

Q 1 What is QR Code?

Quick Response (QR Code), Matrix barcode. It is also known as 2D barcodes, 2D codes or mobile codes. The QR codes typically appears as a small white square with black geometric shapes, thugh c

Quick Response (QR Code), Matrix barcode. It is also known as 2D barcodes, 2D codes or mobile codes. The QR codes typically appears as a small white square with black geometric shapes, thugh colored QR codes are also now being used. The Information hold by QR codes can be a URL, a Phone number, a sms messages, a V-card or the any text. These codes are referred as QR codes because these allow contents to be content to be decoded at high speed.

When did QR code invent?

The QR code system was invented in 1994 by Masahiro Hara from the Japanese company Denso Wave (Broko, 2011). The initial designed was influenced by the black and white pieces on a Go board. Its purpose was to track vehicles during the manufacturing; It was designed to allow high speed component scanning.

Q 3 what are the types of QR Codes?

There are two types of QR Code (Pathak, 2017)

1. Static QR codes
2. Dynamic QR codes

1. Static QR codes

Static QR codes are printed only one time and cannot be editable.

2. Dynamic QR codes

Dynamic QR codes are editable and changeable any time even after scanned and printing.

Q 4 What are the advantages of QR Code?

The following important advantages of QR codes.

1. Free and open source technology

QR codes are free and open source without paying any commercial and licensing charges.

2. High Storage capacity of the data

It has high storage capacity of the data so user can storage maximum data as per the required need.

3. Small space required for printing

QR codes occupy small space for the printing.

4. Reading capability of QR code from any direction

QR code can read from any direction, it can be read from scanner, cell phones, tablets and smart watches as well capability to restore partially data or content of damaged QR codes.

5. Internet Facility

QR codes also internet facilities to connect Wi-fi connectivity and etc.

6. Printing Process

QR code Printing process is so fast and least space occupy and can print 100 codes in a minutes and it can be readable through scanner and mobile camera as well.

How to Cite this article

Ali, M.Y. (12 Mar 2022). Quick Response QR Code Definition, Types and advantages. https://profileusuf.wordpress.com/2022/03/12/qr-code/

References

Borko, F. (2011). Hand Book of Augmented Reality. Springer. 341. ISBN 9781461400646 Archived retrieved on (04 March 2022).

Pathak, S.K. (2017). Application of QR Code Technology in Providing Library and Information Services in Academic Libraries. A case study Page 1-27, IIT Gandhingar http://events.iitgn.ac.in/2017/CLSTL/wpcontent/uploads/2017/03/1T7_SandeepPathak.pdf retrieved on (04 March 2022).

Digital Object Identifier (DOI) Usage by Muhammad Yousuf Ali

This small piece of writing provide vital information about the Digital object Identifier (DOI) readers can find the questions of following questions with brief answer.

Q 1 What is digital Object Identifier DOI?

A digital object identifier (DOI) is a permanent identifier or handle used to identify digital objects uniquely, standardized by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) (Paskin, 2010).

DOIs are in wide use mainly to identify academic, professional, and government information, such as journal articles, Books Chapters, Research reports, data sets, and official publications. Sometimes DOI also refers for commercial videos.

Q 2 When did DOI services is began?

The DOI was officially launched at the Frankfurt Book Fair in October 1997 (Anon, 1997). First DOI based article was published in 2000.

Q 3 Which characters/digits are used in DOI?

DOI consist Alpha Numeric characters. A DOI consists of a publisher ID* (prefix) and an item ID (suffix), separated by a forward slash (/). For example, the DOI for one of Emerald journal articles would look like this:

Prefix: 10.1108

Suffix: LHTN-10-2021-0065

Complete DOI: doi/10.1108/LHTN-10-2021-0065

Q4 Why do publishers/organizations use DOI?

1. DOI promote the research work of the Authors/Researchers
2. DOI increase the impact of research work of the scholar and publishers
3. Ensure the international standardization of articles.
4. Quick Access identification of published articles even the URL (Web address) has changed.
5. To gain better research items articles and books chapter visibility and citation count.
6. Universal Digital identification of scholarly work.

References :-

ISO 26324:2012(en), Information and documentation – Digital object identifier system”. ISO. Retrieved 20 Feb 2022.

Anon. (March, 1997), Coming soon: license plates for digital content, The Seybold Report on Internet Publishing,1(7), 28-29.

Paskin, N.(2010), “Digital Object Identifier (DOI) System”, Encyclopedia of Library and Information Sciences (3rd ed.), Taylor and Francis, pp. 1586–1592

How to cite this Article:-

Ali, M.Y. (March 2022). Digital Object Identifier (DOI) Usage by Muhammad Yousuf Ali.

SWOT Analysis

SWOT Analysis or SWOT Matrix describe about the Strength (S), Weakness(W), Opportunity and Threat (T). This article try to cover following point about the SWOT analysis.

Q 1 What is SWOT analysis?

Q 2 What are the Element of SWOT?

Q 3 Why researchers use SWOT analysis?

Q 4 In which discipline Researcher use SWOT analysis?

Q 1 What is SWOT analysis?

SWOT analysis (or SWOT matrix) is a strategic planning technique used to help a person or organization identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats related to business competition or project planning or new innovative service or improve any existing.

Elements of SWOT

Strength: –

Strength are Advantages, plus existing Resources of individual, groups, Team, institutions, Organisation.

Weakness:-

Weakness are the disadvantage and Limitations of individual, groups, Team, institutions, Organisation

Opportunity: –

Opportunities indicated as positive forces/ Area of Improvement +Avail the chances to explore the expansion out of the box.

Threat:-

Threats are the negative forces external trouble or obstacle in progress.

SWOT Matrix

Strength and Weakness are internal Factor

Opportunity and threats are external factor

Strength and opportunity are positive forces

Weakness and Threat are negative forces

Q 2 Why do researchers use SWOT analysis?

Researcher uses SWOT analysis in any decision-making situation or planning initiative   

1. SWOT uses in like commercial organizations, Business enterprises, governmental units, and individuals.

2. SWOT analysis may also be used in creating a recommendation during a viability study/survey.

3. SWOT analysis may also be used in pre-crisis planning and preventive crisis management.

In short summary SWOT analysis use in Strategic Planning, Matching and converting/Competitive advantages, Corporate planning and Marketing.

Q 4 In which discipline Researcher use SWOT analysis?

SWOT analysis use in the Academic discipline of Social Science, Business administration, Economics, Management and marketing disciplines.

How to cite this Article

Ali, MY (08 Sep 2021). SWOT Analysis. https://profileusuf.wordpress.com/2021/09/08/swot-analysis/

References

Humphrey, Albert ( 2005). “SWOT Analysis for Management Consulting” (PDF). SRI Alumni Newsletter. SRI International.

Blake, Martin; Wijetilaka, Shehan (22015). “5 tips to grow your start-up using SWOT analysis”. Sydney. Retrieved 31 August 2021.

National Library: Characteristics, Functions and Services

National Library is considered the cultural and heritage preservation institution of any Nation. National Library is treasure of Knowledge for the any specific nations it origin, culture and contribution to knowledge by specific nation. This small article covers the following point about the National Library.

1. What is a National Library?

3. What are the characteristics of National Library?

3. What are the main functions of National Library?

4. What are the services of a National Library?

1. What is a National Library?

A national library is a library established by a government as a country’s preeminent repository of information. Unlike public libraries, these rarely allow citizens to borrow books. Often, they include numerous rare, valuable, or significant works. A national library is that library which has the duty of collecting and preserving the literature of the nation within and outside the country. Thus, national libraries are those libraries whose community is the nation at large.

2. What are the characteristics of National Library?

I) It is an unique library and symbol of national literature preservation.

II) Archive and maintain the National records unique it collection.

III) Preserving the cultural and intellectual heritage.

IV) Providing a locus for national cultural identity.

V) Support for the knowledge economy.

VI) Support for community development.

VII) Support for citizens and Leadership for the library system.

VIII) Support for education and lifelong learning.

3. What are the core functions of National Library?

Humphreys (1966) articulated seven fundamental functions of national libraries:

I. National bibliographic control

One of the main goals of a national library is fulfilling their nation’s part of the common international goal of universal bibliographic control, by ensuring the bibliographic control of all the books or book-like documents published in that particular country or talking about that particular country, in any way.

II. International Bibliographical Control

 Another one of the main goals of many a national library is the “export aspect” and the collaborative sides of the universal bibliographic control of all the books in the world. This is done by the exchanges and accords between different Nations, and also by fostering the creation of standard conceptual tools such as library classification systems and cataloguing rules. The most commonly used of these tools is the International Standard Bibliographic Description or ISBD, which has served as a basis for national and international cataloguing codes, such as AACR2.

III. Legal deposit

National Library is also play vital role in the legal deposit of any national collections they endorse collection through author or content.

IV. Publication of Catalogue

An important function of National library is publication of catalogue. How many books published in the country?

V. The outstanding and central collection of a nation’s literature.

National Library also collect the outstanding and centre collection of the literature about its own country which is written the country or outside the country.

In developing policies to fulfil the role and purpose of the public library the emphasis should be on the services it provides

VI. Coverage of foreign literature.

It is also function and responsibility of National Library to collect and preserve the important foreign Literature published by any other country.

VII. Exhibitions.

National Library play very vital role in the exhibitions of national literature through different kind of activities like book launching ceremony, like book fair and seminars and seminars on national issues and events on different national days.

4. What are the services basic service provide a National Library?

I. Collection and preservation of documents of national interest and importance.

II. Bibliographic needs: creation of, and access to, records of publications.

III. Document provision: the national resource.

IV. Access to publications.

V. Exchange of publications.

VI. Access to information.

VII. Services to Academic, Public and special libraries and information units.

VIII. Leadership and advice to libraries and information units.

IX. Planning and coordination.

X. Education and training and Research and development.

XI. And many more services as per the need of the Nation.

How to Cite this Article

Ali, MY (26 Aug 2021). National Library: Characteristics, Functions and Services.https://profileusuf.wordpress.com/2021/08/25/nationallibrary/

References

Brindley L (2002) The role of national libraries in the twenty-first century. Bodleian Library Record 17 (6): 464–481.

Humphreys KN (1966) National library functions. UNESCO Bulletin for Libraries 20 (4): 158–169.

Line, M. B. (1989). National Library and Information Needs: Alternative Means of Fulfillment, with Special Reference to the Role of National Libraries.