This small piece of writing provide vital information about the Digital object Identifier (DOI) readers can find the questions of following questions with brief answer.
Q 1 What is digital Object Identifier DOI?
A digital object identifier (DOI) is a permanent identifier or handle used to identify digital objects uniquely, standardized by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) (Paskin, 2010).
DOIs are in wide use mainly to identify academic, professional, and government information, such as journal articles, Books Chapters, Research reports, data sets, and official publications. Sometimes DOI also refers for commercial videos.
Q 2 When did DOI services is began?
The DOI was officially launched at the Frankfurt Book Fair in October 1997 (Anon, 1997). First DOI based article was published in 2000.
Q 3 Which characters/digits are used in DOI?
DOI consist Alpha Numeric characters. A DOI consists of a publisher ID* (prefix) and an item ID (suffix), separated by a forward slash (/). For example, the DOI for one of Emerald journal articles would look like this:
Prefix: 10.1108
Suffix: LHTN-10-2021-0065
Complete DOI: doi/10.1108/LHTN-10-2021-0065
Q4 Why do publishers/organizations use DOI?
DOI promote the research work of the Authors/Researchers
DOI increase the impact of research work of the scholar and publishers
Ensure the international standardization of articles.
Quick Access identification of published articles even the URL (Web address) has changed.
To gain better research items articles and books chapter visibility and citation count.
Universal Digital identification of scholarly work.
References :-
ISO 26324:2012(en), Information and documentation – Digital object identifier system”. ISO. Retrieved 20 Feb 2022.
Paskin, N.(2010), “Digital Object Identifier (DOI) System”, Encyclopedia of Library and Information Sciences (3rd ed.), Taylor and Francis, pp. 1586–1592
How to cite this Article:-
Ali, M.Y. (March 2022). Digital Object Identifier (DOI) Usage by Muhammad Yousuf Ali.
LinkedIn is a social networking platform but it is limited with the professional networking and related activities. LinkedIn is one the Largest Platform of the Professional networking. Here Young and early career Professional connect with his/her filed leader/experts and High Profile Company.
In this article will discuss Three main point about LinkedIn
Q 1 What is LinkedIn?
Q 2 Who can create the Profile on LinkedIn Network?
Q 3 What are the advantages of a LinkedIn Profile?
Q 1 What is LinkedIn?
LinkedIn platform is used for professional networking and career development, and allows job seekers to post their CVs and employers to post jobs Launched on May 5, 2003.
Q 2 Who can create the Profile on LinkedIn Network?
Students
Students those who are study in any academic disciplines can create LinkedIn Profile like, (Medical Science and Life’s science allied field, Engineering, computer science, Business administration, Law, Social science and humanities. It is very vital to create your profile before complete during your academic degree.
Early Career Professional
Early career professional also create his/her profile on LinkedIn Network for the job placement. Through LinkedIn they have good opportunity to start a career in good portfolio company.
Job Switch/Opportunity Seeker
Those Professional who want to switch the job and those who are seeking the better opportunity take advantage from the LinkedIn Network Profile.
Unemployed
LinkedIn is also helpful to find the job so an unemployed person should also create the LinkedIn Profile to find the job.
Q 3 What are the advantages of a LinkedIn Profile?
There are 10 Main advantage of LinkedIn Profile
1. You connect with your professional fellows peer, Senior, mentor, researcher and leaders through your LinkedIn Profile.
2. As early career professional you can know that what is happening now in your profession and what trends are going on your field.
3. You can add your skills and your skills are endorsed by the network fellows including Peer, senior professional, mentor, and others.
4. You can know and learn the latest professional trends Job market update through LinkedIn article and training programs.
5. As Senior Professional you can recommend your subordinate or junior co-worker profile.
6. As Job seekers you can follow the companies where you are interested to hiring/serve.
7. You can also share your professional activities, success stories and achievement through Posts/articles.
8. You can upload your CV so recruiting company may help you in hiring and as well as auto recommend job send to on your profile.
9. You can also join different LinkedIn groups as per your professional interest.
10. You can send the messages to your connections and take help/guidance/advice.
At the end LinkedIn will improve your professional activities.
References:-
Ali, M Y (09 Nov 2021). LinkedIn Profile Advantages of LinkedIn Profile.
This small piece provide of writing provide about the difference about the different Research Data Types as under : –
a. Qualitative Data vs Quantitative Data
b. Nominal Data vs Ordinal Data
c. Discrete data vs Continuous Data
a. Qualitative Data vs Quantitative Data
In research prospective both qualitative and quantitative data are significant. as per the nature of research. In following table key difference are mentioned to understand the Qualitative and Quantitative data.
Qualitative Data
Quantitative Data
Types Qualitative data about the text, picture and symbol
Types Quantitative data its all about the number.
Report Qualitative Data reported in the Language of the Information/narration.
Report Quantitative Data reported through statistical analysis.
Methodology Qualitative Data collected though observations and interviews.
Methodology Quantitative Data collected through measuring the things Survey, questionnaire, test.
Measurement Quantitative Data cannot be measured.
Measurement Quantitative Data can be measured.
b. Nominal Data vs Ordinal Data
Nominal and Ordinal data are the Types of the Qualitative data which is parameter is set during the data collection and data analysis. The Comparison of of Nominal and Ordinal Data are mention as under
Nominal Data
Ordinal Data
Label the Variable Nominal data describe the name of the variable.
Order the Variable Ordinal Data keeps order/rank of the variable
Coding Nominal Data code the variable Gender, Color, Weather, Races 1. Male 2. Female
Ranking Ordinal distributed in in to the rank example like income, High Income, Middle Income, Low income, Level of Education Graduation, Master, PhD and etc.
Statistics Nominal data only apply minimum Statistics count and measure the Frequency of Distribution, Mode.
Statistics Ordinal data apply more Statistics count rather than nominal and measure the Frequency of Distribution, Mode, Median and order values to know.
c. Discrete Data vs Continuous Data
Discrete Data and Continuous Data are the type of Quantitative Data, but there are significant difference found in discrete and continuous data.
Discrete Data
Continuous Data
Discrete data is one that has clear spaces between values. Like 1,2,3,4…….
Continuous data is one that falls on a continuous sequence. 1, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4……..
Nature Discrete data is Countable.
Nature Continuous Data is Measurable.
Frequency Un-grouped frequency distribution.
Frequency Grouped frequency distribution.
Example Student of a class, The number of employees in a company. Researcher can not break student in to 1.5, or employee 4.5 and etc. either 2 or 4 any specific numbers
Example Height of the students, Temperature, and speed of the vehicles every single decimal point is very important 4.1, 4.2, 4.3 feets, Temperature 98.5,98.6, 98.7, 98.8, 98.9,99.0
SWOT Analysis or SWOT Matrix describe about the Strength (S), Weakness(W), Opportunity and Threat (T). This article try to cover following point about the SWOT analysis.
Q 1 What is SWOT analysis?
Q 2 What are the Element of SWOT?
Q 3 Why researchers use SWOT analysis?
Q 4 In which discipline Researcher use SWOT analysis?
Q 1 What is SWOT analysis?
SWOT analysis (or SWOT matrix) is a strategic planning technique used to help a person or organization identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats related to business competition or project planning or new innovative service or improve any existing.
Elements of SWOT
Strength: –
Strength are Advantages, plus existing Resources of individual, groups, Team, institutions, Organisation.
Weakness:-
Weakness are the disadvantage and Limitations of individual, groups, Team, institutions, Organisation
Opportunity: –
Opportunities indicated as positive forces/ Area of Improvement +Avail the chances to explore the expansion out of the box.
Threat:-
Threats are the negative forces external trouble or obstacle in progress.
SWOT Matrix
Strength and Weakness are internal Factor
Opportunity and threats are external factor
Strength and opportunity are positive forces
Weakness and Threat are negative forces
Q 2 Why do researchers use SWOT analysis?
Researcher uses SWOT analysis in any decision-making situation or planning initiative
1. SWOT uses in like commercial organizations, Business enterprises, governmental units, and individuals.
2. SWOT analysis may also be used in creating a recommendation during a viability study/survey.
3. SWOT analysis may also be used in pre-crisis planning and preventive crisis management.
In short summary SWOT analysis use in Strategic Planning, Matching and converting/Competitive advantages, Corporate planning and Marketing.
Q 4 In which discipline Researcher use SWOT analysis?
SWOT analysis use in the Academic discipline of Social Science, Business administration, Economics, Management and marketing disciplines.
National Library is considered the cultural and heritage preservation institution of any Nation. National Library is treasure of Knowledge for the any specific nations it origin, culture and contribution to knowledge by specific nation. This small article covers the following point about the National Library.
1. What is a National Library?
3. What are the characteristics of National Library?
3. What are the main functions of National Library?
4. What are the services of a National Library?
1. What is a National Library?
A national library is a library established by a government as a country’s preeminent repository of information. Unlike public libraries, these rarely allow citizens to borrow books. Often, they include numerous rare, valuable, or significant works. A national library is that library which has the duty of collecting and preserving the literature of the nation within and outside the country. Thus, national libraries are those libraries whose community is the nation at large.
2. What are the characteristics of National Library?
I) It is an unique library and symbol of national literature preservation.
II) Archive and maintain the National records unique it collection.
III) Preserving the cultural and intellectual heritage.
IV) Providing a locus for national cultural identity.
V) Support for the knowledge economy.
VI) Support for community development.
VII) Support for citizens and Leadership for the library system.
VIII) Support for education and lifelong learning.
3. What are the core functions of National Library?
Humphreys (1966) articulated seven fundamental functions of national libraries:
I. National bibliographic control
One of the main goals of a national library is fulfilling their nation’s part of the common international goal of universal bibliographic control, by ensuring the bibliographic control of all the books or book-like documents published in that particular country or talking about that particular country, in any way.
II. International Bibliographical Control
Another one of the main goals of many a national library is the “export aspect” and the collaborative sides of the universal bibliographic control of all the books in the world. This is done by the exchanges and accords between different Nations, and also by fostering the creation of standard conceptual tools such as library classification systems and cataloguing rules. The most commonly used of these tools is the International Standard Bibliographic Description or ISBD, which has served as a basis for national and international cataloguing codes, such as AACR2.
III. Legal deposit
National Library is also play vital role in the legal deposit of any national collections they endorse collection through author or content.
IV. Publication of Catalogue
An important function of National library is publication of catalogue. How many books published in the country?
V. The outstanding and central collection of a nation’s literature.
National Library also collect the outstanding and centre collection of the literature about its own country which is written the country or outside the country.
In developing policies to fulfil the role and purpose of the public library the emphasis should be on the services it provides
VI. Coverage of foreign literature.
It is also function and responsibility of National Library to collect and preserve the important foreign Literature published by any other country.
VII. Exhibitions.
National Library play very vital role in the exhibitions of national literature through different kind of activities like book launching ceremony, like book fair and seminars and seminars on national issues and events on different national days.
4. What are the services basic service provide a National Library?
I. Collection and preservation of documents of national interest and importance.
II. Bibliographic needs: creation of, and access to, records of publications.
III. Document provision: the national resource.
IV. Access to publications.
V. Exchange of publications.
VI. Access to information.
VII. Services to Academic, Public and special libraries and information units.
VIII. Leadership and advice to libraries and information units.
IX. Planning and coordination.
X. Education and training and Research and development.
XI. And many more services as per the need of the Nation.
Brindley L (2002) The role of national libraries in the twenty-first century. Bodleian Library Record 17 (6): 464–481.
Humphreys KN (1966) National library functions. UNESCO Bulletin for Libraries 20 (4): 158–169.
Line, M. B. (1989). National Library and Information Needs: Alternative Means of Fulfillment, with Special Reference to the Role of National Libraries.
Research Knowledge and Information 